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7 October 1780Primary source · 2 sourcesWell documented

Kings Mountain: The Backcountry Turns on the Loyalists

Frontier militia annihilate a Loyalist force and kill its British commander

On the timeline · around 7 October 1780 · The War for IndependenceThe War for IndependenceA New NationKings Mountain: The Backcountry Turns on the Loyalists178017811782

Quick facts

Location
Kings Mountain, South Carolina
Date
7 October 1780
British/Loyalist commander
Major Patrick Ferguson, killed in the battle
Casualties
Roughly 1,108 Loyalist; 90 patriot

What happened

After the disaster at Camden, British Major Patrick Ferguson led a force of American Loyalists into the South Carolina and North Carolina backcountry to recruit support and threaten frontier settlements. Roughly 900 patriot militiamen, many of them so-called Overmountain Men from the Appalachian frontier, pursued and cornered Ferguson's roughly 1,000 Loyalists atop Kings Mountain on 7 October 1780. Fighting Indian-style from cover, the patriots overwhelmed the position within about an hour; Ferguson was killed, and the battle proved one of the most lopsided of the war, with over 1,000 combined Loyalist casualties and prisoners against only about 90 patriot losses.

Why it matters

Thomas Jefferson called Kings Mountain "the turn of the tide of success" in the South, since it broke the British strategy of relying on Loyalist militia to hold the Carolina backcountry and forced Cornwallis to delay his planned invasion of North Carolina. The battle also showed that the war in the South was as much a civil war between patriot and Loyalist neighbors as a fight against British regulars.

How we know

American Battlefield Trust's account of the battle cites the recorded casualty and prisoner totals and Jefferson's own words describing its significance.

Sources

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