The oldest solids we can date: 4.567 billion years
What happened
Scattered through the oldest meteorites are pale specks a few millimetres across called calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions, or CAIs. They were the first solid material to condense from the hot inner disk, and they are the oldest objects anyone has dated: lead-lead radiometric dating puts them at about 4,567 million years, with an uncertainty of only tens of thousands of years. Because they formed right at the start, that number defines the age of the Solar System itself. Work at Lawrence Livermore on these grains found the disk's first solids came together in under roughly 200,000 years, a geological eyeblink.
Why it matters
CAIs are the clock everything else is measured against. Dating them fixed a firm zero point, so the ages of meteorites, the Moon, and the Earth are all quoted relative to that 4.567-billion-year start.
How we know
The ages come from radioactive decay locked inside the grains: uranium turns to lead at a known rate, so the ratio of lead isotopes in a CAI records how long ago it crystallized. Different laboratories dating different meteorites land on the same 4,567-million-year figure.
Sources
- ANU Research School of Earth Sciences. Refractory Inclusions · Reputable sourceearthsciences.anu.edu.au · The domain "earthsciences.anu.edu.au" is on our Reputable source registry. · Link is live and its text matches the event's key terms (Jul 2026)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Solar system formed in less than 200,000 years (2020) · Reputable sourcellnl.gov · The domain "llnl.gov" is on our Reputable source registry. · Link is live and its text matches the event's key terms (Jul 2026)
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Part of a timelineThe Formation of the Solar System11 events · The 800 million years that turned a collapsing cloud of gas into the Sun, the planets, and a habitable Earth, from the oldest solids we can date to the first oceans.View all →