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October 14, 1947Primary source · 2 sourcesWell documented

Chuck Yeager Breaks the Sound Barrier

A rib-cracked test pilot flies faster than sound and proves the barrier was never really there

On the timeline · around October 14, 1947 · War and the Jet AgeThe Golden AgeWar and the Jet AgeChuck Yeager Breaks the Sound Barrier1940194519501955

Quick facts

Date
October 14, 1947
Speed reached
Mach 1.06 (about 700 mph)
Aircraft
Bell X-1 "Glamorous Glennis"
Public disclosure
June 10, 1948

What happened

On October 14, 1947, U.S. Air Force Captain Chuck Yeager piloted the rocket-powered Bell X-1, named Glamorous Glennis, to Mach 1.06 over the Mojave Desert, becoming the first pilot to exceed the speed of sound in level flight. The X-1 was air-launched from the bomb bay of a Boeing B-29 at 20,000 feet, then climbed under its own rocket power to 42,000 feet for the test run; the flight, the ninth powered flight of the X-1 program, lasted 14 minutes from release to landing and by Yeager's own account produced no buffet or shock, just an instrument that briefly, in his phrase, went completely screwy. The achievement was not made public until June 10, 1948, nearly eight months later.

Why it matters

Many engineers and pilots at the time genuinely believed an invisible sound barrier could destroy any aircraft that approached it, and Yeager's flight put that fear to rest, opening the door to supersonic aircraft design as a practical engineering problem rather than a physical impossibility. The X-1 program's data fed directly into the X-15 hypersonic program of the following decade, whose test flights in turn contributed engineering knowledge used in NASA's Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo spaceflight programs.

How we know

Yeager gave a detailed firsthand account of the flight preserved by the Chuck Yeager Foundation, and the flight's altitude, speed, and duration figures are corroborated by contemporary Air Force flight test records.

Sources

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Related timelines

  • Space Exploration · See the Space Exploration timeline for how the X-1 program's successor, the X-15 hypersonic rocket plane, fed data directly into NASA's early piloted spaceflight programs.
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