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20th-21st centuriesGeneral source · 2 sourcesWell documented

Christianity's Center Shifts to the Global South

In 1910 two-thirds of the world's Christians lived in Europe; by 2050 most will live in Africa and Latin America

On the timeline · around 20th-21st centuries · Modern ChristianityModern ChristianityChristianity's Center Shifts to the Global South18001850190019502000

Quick facts

Europe's share, 1910
66% of world's Christians
Sub-Saharan Africa's projected share, 2050
38%
Global South share today
About 61% of world's Christians
Key driver
Higher birth rates in Africa, disaffiliation in Europe

What happened

Pew Research Center demographic projections show a Christian population that has shifted southward for at least a century and is expected to continue doing so. In 1910, Europe was home to roughly two-thirds of the world's Christians, with North America a distant second; by the early 21st century, nearly half of the world's Christians already lived in Africa and the Latin America-Caribbean region combined, driven by higher birth rates in sub-Saharan Africa and by widespread Christian disaffiliation across Western Europe. Pew's projections estimate that by 2050, sub-Saharan Africa alone will be home to nearly four in ten of the world's Christians, up from less than two percent in 1910, while Europe and North America together will hold only about a quarter of the global total.

Why it matters

This reversal means the demographic and, increasingly, theological center of a religion born in the Middle East and long associated with European institutions has moved to regions that were themselves once primarily mission fields, a shift with consequences for church leadership, doctrine, and global Christian politics that are still unfolding.

How we know

Pew Research Center's Global Christianity demographic studies draw on census data, surveys, and church membership records from around the world to build population estimates and projections across regions and time periods.

Sources

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Part of a timelineHistory of Christianity28 events · A crucified Jewish teacher, a persecuted sect that became an empire's official religion, and two thousand years of councils, schisms, and missions that carried it to every continentView all →
Christianity's Center Shifts to the Global South · History of Christianity · SourcedStory