Egypt Attacks Across the Suez Canal in the October War
Sadat launches a surprise war to break the deadlock with Israel and win back the Sinai
Quick facts
- War began
- 6 October 1973, on Yom Kippur
- Egyptian leader
- Anwar Sadat
- Opening move
- Egyptian crossing of the Suez Canal into the Sinai
- Consequence
- Paved the way for the 1979 Egypt-Israel peace treaty
What happened
After Nasser's death in 1970, his successor Anwar Sadat inherited a country still humiliated by the loss of the Sinai Peninsula in the 1967 war and unable to afford an endless confrontation with Israel. On 6 October 1973, on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur, Egypt and Syria launched a coordinated surprise attack on Israeli forces holding the Sinai and the Golan Heights. Egyptian troops swept across the Suez Canal deep into the Sinai in the opening days, before Israel recovered and counterattacked, crossing to the west bank of the canal by the time a ceasefire ended the fighting on 25 October. Although Egypt did not win a clear military victory, the initial success restored Egyptian and Arab confidence and gave Sadat the political standing to pursue a negotiated settlement.
Why it matters
The October War broke the frozen stalemate that had followed the 1967 defeat and set the stage for peace: the initial Egyptian successes gave Sadat the prestige and leverage to open negotiations with Israel, leading directly to the Camp David Accords of 1978 and the Egypt-Israel peace treaty of 1979 that returned the Sinai to Egypt. The war also triggered an Arab oil embargo against Israel's Western supporters that reshaped the global economy.
How we know
The October 1973 attack, Sadat's strategy, and the war's role in paving the way for the 1979 peace treaty are documented by the US Department of State's Office of the Historian, and Egypt's advance across the Suez Canal and Sadat's motives are independently documented by History.
Sources
- US Department of State, Office of the Historian. The 1973 Arab-Israeli War · Reputable sourcehistory.state.gov · The domain "history.state.gov" is on our Reputable source registry. · Link is live and its text matches the event's key terms (Jul 2026)
- History (A&E Television Networks). Yom Kippur War · Reputable sourcehistory.com · The domain "history.com" is on our Reputable source registry. · Link is live and its text matches the event's key terms (Jul 2026)
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