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496 CE (traditional date; some historians place it closer to 508)Primary source · 2 sourcesDebated

Clovis, king of the Franks, is baptized a Catholic Christian

A pagan warlord's conversion sets the Franks apart from Europe's other Germanic kingdoms

On the timeline · around 496 CE (traditional date; some historians place it closer to 508) · The Post-Roman KingdomsThe Post-Roman KingdomsClovis, king of the Franks, is baptized a Catholic Christian500 CE525 CE550 CE575 CE600 CE625 CE650 CE675 CE700 CE

Quick facts

Location
Reims, Francia
Baptized by
Bishop Remigius of Reims
Wife and advocate
Clotilde, a Burgundian Christian
Branch chosen
Catholic (Nicene) Christianity, not Arian

What happened

According to Gregory of Tours, writing about a century later, Clovis's Christian wife Clotilde had long urged him to abandon the Frankish gods, and he agreed only after invoking the Christian god during a desperate battle against the Alemanni and winning. Clovis was baptized by Bishop Remigius of Reims along with, according to Gregory, more than three thousand of his soldiers. Clovis chose Catholic (Nicene) Christianity rather than the Arian Christianity that the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Vandals had adopted, a distinction that mattered enormously to the Catholic Gallo-Roman population he ruled over. The historian Ian Wood has argued the archaeological and documentary evidence makes it more likely Clovis was already a Christian by around 486, years before Gregory's dramatic baptism scene.

Why it matters

Because Clovis chose the same Christianity as the Gallo-Roman population and the bishop of Rome, rather than the Arianism of his Germanic rival kings, the Franks could present their rule as compatible with Roman Christian society instead of a hostile occupation. That alliance between Frankish kings and the Catholic Church would eventually let Clovis's descendants, the Carolingians, claim the mantle of a revived Roman Empire in the West.

How we know

Gregory of Tours' History of the Franks, written roughly a century after the events, is the earliest and most detailed account, though historians debate how much of its dramatic staging (the battle vow, the mass baptism) reflects later embellishment rather than eyewitness fact; this is why the event is marked here with an approximate rather than exact date.

Sources

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