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January 1975Reputable source · 2 sourcesWell documented

The Altair 8800 launches the hobbyist personal computer

A magazine cover story sells a computer kit with no keyboard and no screen

On the timeline · around January 1975 · The Personal Computer RevolutionChips, Software, and the First NetworksThe Personal Computer RevolutionThe Altair 8800 launches the hobbyist personal computer1968197019721974197619781980

Quick facts

Maker
MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems)
Designer
Ed Roberts
Price
$297 (kit) / $395 (with case)
Processor
Intel 8080

What happened

A small Albuquerque firm called MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), which had previously sold electronic calculator kits before a price war wiped out that market, put its new computer kit on the cover of Popular Electronics magazine's January 1975 issue. The Altair 8800, built around Intel's 8080 processor, sold for $297 unassembled or $395 with a case, came with just 256 bytes of memory, and had no keyboard or screen; users entered programs by flipping switches and read results from blinking lights. Orders poured in regardless, and MITS co-founder Ed Roberts, who designed the machine, is credited with coining the term 'personal computer.'

Why it matters

The Altair proved a market existed for computers bought by individuals rather than institutions, even one this stripped-down, and its open bus design became the S-100 standard that let a growing ecosystem of hobbyist hardware and software, including an early version of Microsoft's BASIC, plug into the same machine.

How we know

The Computer History Museum's 1975 timeline entry and the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History both document the Popular Electronics cover story, the price, and MITS's role in starting the personal computer era.

Sources

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